In Defense of Tribalism. Three Evolutionary Instincts That Taught Us to Cooperate

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In Defense of Tribalism. Three Evolutionary Instincts That Taught Us to Cooperate
Before the bronze medal match in women's ice hockey between Switzerland and Sweden at the Milan-Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games. Milan, February 19, 2026 // Photo: Jared C. Tilton / Getty Images

Michael Morris, cultural psychologist: The rise of tribes expanded our circle of trust. Today we can trust a complete stranger if they speak our language, practice the same profession, or share the same ideals.

By Kasper Kalinowski and Michael Morris


Kasper Kalinowski: Aristotle described man as a "social animal," but you argue that a better term is "tribal animal." What is the difference?

Michael Morris: There are many social animals, and by objective measures we are not the most social. Insect colonies put us to shame in terms of collective care for offspring and cooperation in close proximity. We cannot therefore claim to be "the one" social animal.

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