What Happened to the Cro-Magnons? The Tangled History of Europe's Hunter-Gatherers
More than 50,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans began migrating into Europe and interbreeding with Neanderthals. The genes of some of them survive to this day.
By Łukasz Kwiatek
The name Paul Broca is most often encountered in neurobiology textbooks. This French physician made his name performing the autopsy of Louis Victor Leborgne, who had lost the ability to speak in adulthood. Leborgne could articulate only the syllable "tan" — which earned him the nickname “Tan” among hospital staff and, later, in the scientific literature — despite understanding what was said to him. After Tan's death, Broca observed extensive damage in the left hemisphere of his patient’s brain. This region of the human brain, associated with speech, is known today as Broca's area.